Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is an infectious illness caused by the Hepatitis B virus. Symptoms include fever, nausea, loss of appetite, rash, jaundice, dark-coloured urine and abdominal pain. These symptoms can last for a number of months.

Causes

Possible routes of infection are:

  • Using contaminated needles to inject drugs
  • Having unprotected sexual intercourse
  • Tattooing, acupuncture, electrolysis and body-piercing equipment if not sterilised properly before use
  • Open wounds contaminated by blood or body fluids
  • The body's mucous membranes (eg. mouth and eyes) coming into contact with blood or body fluids
  • Using toothbrushes or razors that have been contaminated by an infected person 
  • A newborn baby can be infected by a mother carrying the virus

How is it spread?

It is spread when a person comes into contact directly or indirectly with an infected person.

Precautions

  • Never share needles or syringes
  • Use a condom when having sex
  • Don't share razors or toothbrushes
  • If you are having a tattoo, acupuncture, electrolysis or your body pierced, always go to a registered practitioner
  • Use protective gloves and disinfectant to clean up blood or body fluid spillages 
  • Follow safety advice if you work with blood or blood products

What happens if I get Hepatitis B?

If you have been diagnosed as having Hepatitis B or are a carrier, it is very important that you look after your own health and take steps to prevent it being passed on:

  • Follow the precautionary measures listed above
  • If you are going to the doctor, dentist or acupuncturist, tell them you have Hepatitis B so that safety measures can be taken
  • Do not give blood 
  • Do not undergo chiropody, be tattooed, have your body pierced or use electrolysis until you have been cleared
  • Take care to clean up blood spillages if you cut yourself
  • Cover any cuts or abrasions immediately